Indian postal system for military and government departments had developed long before the arrival of the European powers to India. The East India Company displaced all other western powers and brought into existence a British postal system all over India in 1837. It then expended its operation into Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the East India Company. The adhesive stamp in Asia was issued in India by Bartie Frere after his counterpart in Europe Sir Rowland Hill had released the first stamps decades earlier. After independence on 15 August 1947, India post embarked on a wider issuance of stamps depicting Indian flags, a memorial to Mahatma Gandhi. The following year various definitive stamps were produced such as cultural heritage on Hindu, Buddhism, Muslim, Sikh and Jai temples, sculptures, monuments and fortresses. India also printed stamps for neighbouring countries such as Burma, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Portugal and Ethiopia.
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